Modelling the impact of socio-economic factors on the diffusion of wind energy in selected EU countries

Aim: The aim of the article was to assess the diffusion of wind energy and to identify the socio-economic factors determining the rate of this diffusion. Methodology: A logistic model was used to analyse the diffusion of wind energy, while the econometric Error Correction Model (ECM) was used to study the impact of socio-economic factors on the rate of diffusion. Results: In most of the surveyed countries the most important variable influencing the speed of diffusion of wind technology innovations were energy prices, followed by electricity consumption per capita, whereas the least important variable was number of researchers in R&D. The number of patents and R&D expenditure were relatively more often a statistically significant determinant of the diffusion of innovation among the old EU member states than among the member states from Central and Eastern Europe. Implications and recommendations: The innovation of the wind energy sector in some countries is insufficient and requires appropriate stimulation. This can be achieved by, among others, increasing investment outlays on research and development in the renewable energy sector, and developing offshore energy, which is much more effective than onshore wind farms. Originality/value: The article presents an original comparative analysis of the diffusion of wind energy in EU countries, and using ECM models, the factors determining the dynamics of this diffusion were identified. The results bring added value in terms of economic and political research in the wind energy sector.