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May 6, 2026Mathematics0 citationsOpen Access

Spectral Analysis and Topological Indices of Cozero-Divisor Graphs over Commutative Rings

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AAAmal S. AlaliMMMuzibur Rahman MozumderAKAsif Ali Khan

Key Points

  • The aim is to study the spectral and topological properties of cozero-divisor graphs over commutative rings.
  • Analyzed cozero-divisor graphs represented as undirected simple graphs.
  • Calculated Aα matrix and eigenvalues for specific ring configurations.
  • Investigated sum-connectivity and product-connectivity F-indices for various prime compositions.
  • Identified unique graph structural properties based on Aα eigenvalues.
  • Demonstrated relationships between distinct primes and graph connectivity indices.

Abstract

Let 1≠0 be the identity of the commutative ring R. The cozero-divisor graph of a ring R is an undirected simple graph, represented by Γ′(R), where two different vertices g and h are adjacent if and only if g∉Rh and h∉Rg. The vertices of this graph are given by the set of all non-zero and non-unit elements of R. The definition of a graph G’s Aα matrix is Aα(G)=αD(G)+(1−α)A(G), where α∈0,1,D(G)=diag(deg(c1),deg(c2),…,deg(cn)) is the diagonal matrix and A(G) is the adjacency matrix of graph G. In this article, we calculate the sum-connectivity F-index, product-connectivity F-index of Γ′(Zn), when n=ζ1ζ2,ζ12ζ2,ζ1ζ2ζ3, and the Aα eigenvalues of Γ′(Zn) for n=ζ1u1ζ2ζ3, where ζ1,ζ2, ζ3 are distinct primes.

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Cite This Study

Alali et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69fa8ef304f884e66b5314bbhttps://doi.org/10.3390/math14091515
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