The Lake Victoria Basin is increasingly exposed to climate variability, environmental damage, and persistent food insecurity, all of which undermine families and communities resilience. Despite these interconnected challenges, most adaptation efforts remain fragmented, addressing food, water, and energy systems. This study assesses the efficacy of integrated Food–Water–Energy (FWE) adaptation bundles in enhancing resilience relative to single-sector interventions. The study uses a two-stage sampling framework to conduct cross-sectional research. Primary data were collected from 423 households across the basin, while secondary data were obtained from regional and international sources. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and binary logistic regression are some of the analytical methods used to examine the link between adopting the FWE bundle and household resilience. A composite resilience index was constructed to measure food security, water reliability, energy access, and adaptive capacity. The results show that households adopting integrated FWE bundles are much more resilient, with an average score of 0.68 compared to 0.44 for non-adopters. Correlation analysis indicates that resilience is strongly linked to having access to irrigation (r = 0.61), using renewable energy (r = 0.58), and livelihood diversification (r = 0.64). Logistic regression results further demonstrate that using integrated bundles increases the likelihood of resilience by approximately 2.7 times (p 0.01), even when socioeconomic and institutional factors are taken into account. The study concludes that nexus-based adaptation strategies are more effective than fragmented approaches at making climate-sensitive basin systems more resilient. It highlights the significance of integrated, household-focused interventions that simultaneously address food, water, and energy limitations as a vital strategy for sustainable adaptation in vulnerable areas.
Roba et al. (2026) studied this question.