. In vitro studies demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and efficient cellular uptake, with preferential localization in lysosomes. In vivo experiments in HeLa tumor-bearing mice revealed effective tumor accumulation via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, enabling high-contrast NIR-II fluorescence and MR imaging. These results highlight the great potential of B@AIE NPs as a promising metal-free nanoprobe for precise tumor diagnosis through FL/MR dual-modal imaging.
Kou et al. (2026) studied this question.