This study proposes a process optimization method to precisely control the cross-sectional shapes of steel surfaces using a cost-effective nanosecond laser. By adjusting scanning sequences and hatch spacings (20~30 μm) smaller than the beam diameter (50 μm), we successfully fabricated diverse profiles including rectangular, asymmetric saw-tooth, and undercut shapes without additional expensive equipment. The results demonstrate that high-precision surface texturing can be achieved through software-based strategy control, providing a practical “appropriate technology” solution for small-scale manufacturing industries seeking functional surface enhancements at low cost.
Chey et al. (2026) studied this question.