Design of control systems needs a mathematics model of controlled plant in general, however the model is not exactly obtained and the model is uncertain, these limits led to the poor control system performance. The paper aim at when a motion (/reaction) speed of controlled plant process (/body) is greatly slower than speed of light, its motion process can described by Newton's Laws of Motion, and these laws can be applied to the design and analysis the control systems quality. This paper designed 3 control systems: PID control system with improved Smith predictor in time-invariance systems, PIDC control system with compensator (in time-variance uncertain systems) and CSMFDNLM (Control System of Uncertain System with Model-Free Design Based on Newton's Laws of Motion). A control system for uncertain plan with Model-Free is designed based on Newton's laws of motion in the paper. An OUAM filter based on Uniform Acceleration Movement is proposed by applying Kalman filter theory with constructing three state variables of the controlled system, i.e., position, speed and acceleration. The simulation and application results of PIDC control system with compensator and CSMFDNLM showed good control quality and robust performance for uncertain systems.
Kai et al. (2026) studied this question.