Relapsed small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is widely considered as a difficult-to-treat disease with an adverse prognosis and scarce therapeutic options, especially in the case of platinum-resistance. Tarlatamab (IMDELLTRA™), a first-in-class, Delta-like ligand-3 (DLL3)-targeted bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE), works by creating a molecular bridge between DLL3 on tumor cells and CD3 on T-cells, leading to T-cell activation and Τ-cell-mediated tumor cell lysis. Tarlatamab demonstrated promising efficacy in early-phase trials at the cost of immune-mediated toxicities like cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). CRS and ICANS emerge primarily during the first two cycles of treatment, have low to moderate severity and are generally manageable with general supportive measures and specialized immunosuppressive treatment including corticosteroids and monoclonal antibodies like tocilizumab. Tarlatamab appears to be a promising choice for relapsed SCLC, based on the results of the Phase III DeLLphi-304 trial, which demonstrated a clinically and statistically meaningful improvement in overall survival (OS) with its use compared to approved second-line chemotherapy (ChT) options. Having been recently granted FDA approval for use in patients with SCLC who progressed on or after platinum-based ChT, tarlatamab is currently being evaluated in multiple settings of SCLC, including first-line and maintenance treatment.
Koutoukoglou et al. (2026) studied this question.