Research Progress and Comparative Evaluation of Three Cutting-Edge Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Treatment Strategies: Biologics, Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction, and Stem Cell Therapies

Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent airflow limitation, and traditional treatment regimens struggle to curb the progressive deterioration of lung function. Inspired by the principles of precision medicine, novel treatment strategies targeting specific disease phenotypes or key pathophysiological processes have opened new avenues for the management of COPD. This article comprehensively reviews and compares three classes of cutting-edge therapies with potential disease-modifying effects—targeted biologics, bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR), and stem cell therapy. It covers their mechanisms of action, clinical research evidence, patient selection criteria, efficacy and safety profiles, and health economic considerations. As a narrative review, this article synthesizes findings from key clinical trials and pivotal studies to provide a comparative perspective. By elucidating the advantages, limitations, and future directions of each therapy, this article aims to offer valuable guidance for treatment decisions and future research in clinical practice. Keywords: COPD, targeted biologics, bronchoscopic lung volume reduction, stem cell therapy, precision medicine, comparative analysis