Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent one of the most critical challenges in contemporary medicine and global public health, distinguished by their widespread prevalence and their dominant contribution to overall mortality rates worldwide. The present study provides a comprehensive and systematic examination of the etiological determinants, underlying pathogenetic mechanisms, and epidemiological characteristics of CVDs, alongside an evaluation of current evidence-based preventive strategies. Particular emphasis is placed on the detrimental effects of insufficient physical activity, unhealthy dietary patterns, chronic psycho-emotional stress, and harmful behavioral habits on the structural and functional integrity of the cardiovascular system. Furthermore, this paper elucidates the fundamental components of a health-promoting lifestyle—including рационal nutrition, consistent physical exercise, maintenance of psycho-emotional stability, and регуляр preventive medical surveillance—and highlights their pivotal role in mitigating the onset and progression of cardiovascular pathology. The analysis of contemporary research data indicates that a substantial proportion of cardiovascular diseases is attributable to modifiable risk factors. Consequently, the широк implementation of targeted preventive interventions has the potential to significantly reduce both the incidence and the overall burden of these conditions at the population level.
Sattarova et al. (2026) studied this question.