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May 8, 2026Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia0 citationsOpen Access

Therapeutic role of lactoferrin against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats

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VKVinay KumarInstitute of Management TechnologyVRVirendra Pratap Singh RathorMaharana Pratap University of Agriculture and TechnologyPSParitosh Kunwar SinghOriental University

Key Points

  • This study aims to evaluate the therapeutic effects of lactoferrin on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.
  • Wistar rats received doxorubicin (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) three times a week for two weeks and lactoferrin (50 mg/kg, i.p.) for 15 days.
  • Evaluated cardiotoxicity markers including body weight, blood pressure, LDH, CK-MB, cardiac troponin I, and inflammatory markers like IL-6 and TNF-α.
  • Conducted histopathological analysis of heart tissues and assessed antioxidant levels.
  • Doxorubicin significantly reduced body weight and increased cardiotoxic biomarkers (p<0.01).
  • Lactoferrin treatment reversed these effects, restoring normal histopathological features in heart tissues.
  • Lactoferrin improved levels of antioxidative enzymes (glutathione and SOD) and reduced oxidant levels (NO) (p<0.05).

Abstract

Introdução e objetivos: A cardiotoxicidade associada à doxorrubicina é uma preocupação alarmante por limitar o uso de fármacos antineoplásicos no ambiente clínico. O objetivo deste estudo foi testar o papel terapêutico da lactoferrina na prevenção da cardiotoxicidade induzida pela doxorrubicina para tratar este grave efeito secundário da quimioterapia. Métodos: Ratos Wistar receberam veículo ou DOX (2,5 mg/kg, i.p.) três vezes por semana durante duas semanas e lactoferrina (50 mg/kg, i.p.) durante 15 dias (i.e., do dia 1 ao dia 15 juntamente com DOX). Foram avaliadas as alterações do peso corporal, do peso do coração e dos marcadores de cardiotoxicidade (pressão arterial, LDH, CK-MB e troponina I cardíaca). Além disso, todos os animais foram avaliados quanto à modulação de marcadores inflamatórios (BNP, IL-6, PCR e TNF-α), alterações histopatológicas no tecido cardíaco e estado oxidante e antioxidante. Resultados: A doxorrubicina reduziu significativamente (p<0,01) o peso corporal e aumentou os níveis de biomarcadores cardiotóxicos (pressão arterial, LDH, CK-MB, BNP, troponina I cardíaca, IL-6, PCR e TNF-α), enquanto que estes efeitos foram revertidos nos animais tratados com lactoferrina. Histopatologicamente, verificou-se que o tecido cardíaco continha fibras miocárdicas confusas, capilares sanguíneos dilatados e necrose nas fibras musculares no grupo tratado com doxorrubicina, mas foi restaurado aos níveis normais no grupo de terapia com lactoferrina. Finalmente, a lactoferrina aumentou significativamente (p<0,05) os níveis de enzimas antioxidantes (glutationa e SOD) e diminuiu os níveis de oxidantes (NO) em comparação com os do grupo de cardiotoxicidade não tratado. Conclusão: O presente estudo revelou o potencial imunomodulador e antioxidante da lactoferrina na restauração do tecido cardíaco normal, atenuando assim os efeitos da cardiotoxicidade induzida pela doxorrubicina. Introduction and objectives: Doxorubicin-associated cardiotoxicity is an alarming concern as it limits the use of anticancer drugs in a clinical setting. The objective of this study was to test the therapeutic role of lactoferrin in preventing doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and thus address this severe side effect of chemotherapy. Methods: Wistar rats received vehicle or DOX (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) three times a week for two weeks and lactoferrin (50 mg/kg, i.p.) for 15 days (i.e., from day 1 to day 15 along with DOX). Changes in body weight, heart weight, and cardiotoxicity markers (blood pressure, LDH, CK-MB, and cardiac troponin I) were evaluated. Furthermore, all the animals were evaluated for the modulation of inflammatory markers (BNP, IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α), histopathological changes in heart tissue, and oxidant and antioxidant status. Results: Doxorubicin significantly (p < 0.01) reduced body weight and increased the levels of cardiotoxic biomarkers (blood pressure, LDH, CK-MB, BNP, cardiac troponin I, IL-6, CRP, and TNF-α), whereas these effects were reversed in lactoferrin-treated animals. Histopathologically, heart tissue in the doxorubicin-treated group was found to contain muddled myocardial fibers, dilated blood capillaries, and necrosis in muscle fibers; however, these abnormalities were restored to normal levels in the lactoferrin therapy group. Finally, lactoferrin significantly (p < 0.05) increased the levels of antioxidative enzymes (glutathione and SOD) and decreased the levels of oxidants (NO) compared with those in the untreated cardiotoxicity group. Conclusion: The present study revealed the immunomodulatory, antioxidative potential of lactoferrin in restoring normal heart tissue, thereby mitigating the effects of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.

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Cite This Study

Kumar et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69fd7ddcbfa21ec5bbf060cehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.repc.2025.11.013
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