Abstract Background: Through the first trimester of pregnancy, women’s interleukin-10 (IL-10) levels rapidly rise and remain fairly high. Deficiency of this interleukin may be related to adverse pregnancy outcomes like recurrent miscarriages or preeclampsia. Because interleukin-10 is a major immunosuppressant of many infections, its levels have been investigated in several infections of pregnant and non-pregnant females. Objective: The current investigation was designed to assess the serum level of IL-10 in females who underwent Intrauterine Insemination as well as the interleukin-10 gene polymorphism that may be associated with adverse effects and the effect of these variants at the level of Endometrial thickness (ET). Materials and Methods: The current study included 100 samples from infertile women who underwent intrauterine insemination, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was used to evaluate the level of interleukin-10, ultrasound was to evaluate ET, DNA extraction, and determination of polymorphism of interleukin-10 (rs180087) by high-resolution melting technique, and confirmation of the result by sequencing technique. Results: According to the current findings, there were no statistically significant differences between pregnant and non-pregnant women in the levels of interleukin ( P = 0.3), the thickness of the endometrium ( P = 0.9), or the genotype of polymorphism ( P value = 0.6, 0.5, and 0.7) for CT, TT, and T allele, respectively, but there was a highly significant difference in the levels of IL-10 according to the polymorphism distribution of the IL-10 gene because the genotype of the interleukin-10 gene had an impact on the serum level because it was high in people with the Mutant and heterozygous genotypes, respectively, with a P value of (0.01). Conclusion: In conclusion, the mutated genotype of the interleukin-10 gene is related to elevate interleukin-10 levels, with no effect of serum interleukin-10 level on ET possibly due to the small sample size.
Hammood et al. (2026) studied this question.