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May 8, 2026npj Vaccines2 citationsOpen Access

Advances and future applications of immunocastration techniques: a comprehensive review

MJMingshuo JiJNJiaqi NieYCYue Chen

Key Points

  • The review aims to explore the advancements in immunocastration techniques and their potential future applications.
  • Examined various vaccines targeting GnRH, zona pellucida, and sperm antigens.
  • Focused on different vaccine platforms, carriers, adjuvants, and delivery systems.
  • Discussed applications in livestock, pets, and wildlife.
  • Highlighted challenges, including variable immune responses and long-term efficacy.
  • Identified potential future advances in recombinant technology and adjuvants to broaden clinical applications.

Abstract

Immunocastration uses antigen-antibody interactions to suppress reproductive function without surgery. This review examines vaccines targeting GnRH, zona pellucida (ZP), and sperm antigens, focusing on GnRH vaccine platforms, carriers, adjuvants, and delivery systems. Applications in livestock, pets, and wildlife are discussed. Remaining challenges include variable immune responses and long-term efficacy. Future advances in recombinant technology and adjuvants may broaden clinical application.

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Cite This Study

Ji et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69fd7f0dbfa21ec5bbf07789https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-026-01474-0
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