Physically treated cellulose and its use in composites

In recent years, various chemical and physical modification methods have been investigated to enhance the interfacial adhesion between cellulose fillers and rubber matrices in composites. Cellulose is of particular interest due to its biodegradability and environmental friendliness, making it a sustainable alternative to conventional fillers. Among physical methods, ultrasound treatment is especially effective. Ultrasonic waves generate cavitation in aqueous solutions, producing strong hydrodynamic forces that disrupt van der Waals interactions between cellulose particles and improve their dispersion. In this study, cellulose was ultrasonically treated in water and subsequently characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis to assess structural and thermal changes. The modified cellulose was then used as a filler in rubber composites. The composites are evaluated for their rheological and mechanical properties, and the impact of ultrasound treatment on overall composite performance is determined. The results demonstrate that ultrasonic treatment of cellulose enhances its reinforcing efficiency in rubber composites, leading to improved mechanical strength, higher crosslinking density, and reduced swelling.