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May 9, 2026Farmacia Hospitalaria0 citationsOpen Access

Translated article Safety of Bruton kinase inhibitors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Real world clinical practice

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RBRocío Bello-CalvoRGRita González-ResinaARAraceli Rubio-Martínez

Key Points

  • This study aims to describe the safety and tolerability of continuous BTKi therapy in CLL patients treated in first line and relapse/refractory conditions.
  • Retrospective, single-centre observational study conducted from 2015 to 2024.
  • Included 83 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated with BTKi, recording demographic data, dose adjustments, and adverse events.
  • Analyzed treatment continuation using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression.
  • 28.9% of patients required dose adjustments without significant differences between groups (p = 0.158).
  • Treatment discontinuation was higher in relapse/refractory patients (74.3% vs. 39.6%; RR 1.81; 95% CI: 1.23–2.66; p = 0.002).
  • Infectious adverse events were the most common, with respiratory infections significantly more prevalent in relapse/refractory patients (p = 0.046).

Abstract

Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) have replaced immunochemotherapy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The safety profile, particularly in monotherapy indications under real-world clinical practice conditions, is key to optimizing outcomes. To describe the safety and tolerability of continuous/indefinite BTKi therapy in patients with CLL treated in the first line and relapse/refractory (R/R) conditions with BTKi monotherapy, within labeled indications, at a tertiary care hospital. Observational, retrospective, single-centre study including patients with CLL treated with iBTK (2015–2024). Demographic data, previous lines of treatment, dose adjustments and suspensions, and adverse events (AEs) by system and severity were recorded. Proportions were compared using Fisher's exact test. Treatment continuation was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curves, log-rank tests, and Cox regression. Eighty-three patients (50.6% male) were included, with a mean age at diagnosis of 67.2 years. Forty-eight (58%) received iBTK as first-line therapy and 35 (42%) in R/R. The most commonly used iBTK was ibrutinib (62.5% in first-line and 88.6% in R/R). Median follow-up was 20.8 months. Overall, 28.9% required dose adjustment, with no differences between the two groups ( p = 0.158). Treatment discontinuation was more frequent in patients with R/R patients (74.3% vs. 39.6%; RR 1.81; 95% CI: 1.23–2.66; p = 0.002). AE were the most common reason for treatment discontinuation (15.7%). A total of 161 AEs were recorded, with infectious AE being the most frequent category. Respiratory infections were significantly more common in R/R patients (p = 0.046). Patients with prior exposure to immunochemotherapy had an increased risk of treatment discontinuation (HR = 2.15; 95% CI: 1.18–3.89; p = 0.012). BTKi showed a manageable safety profile, with infections as the most common toxicity and secondary malignancies occurring at rates comparable to those reported in the literature. Treatment discontinuation was less frequent in the frontline setting, underscoring the influence of clinical context and prior therapies. Despite the limitations of a retrospective, single-centre design, this study provides information applicable to daily practice and highlights the importance of close follow-up to optimize both safety and treatment continuity. los inhibidores de la tirosina cinasa de Bruton (iBTK) han desplazado a la inmunoquimioterapia en los pacientes con leucemia linfática crónica (LLC). El perfil de seguridad, sobre todo en las indicaciones de monoterapia en condiciones de práctica clínica real, es clave para optimizar los resultados. describir la seguridad y tolerancia al tratamiento indefinido de los iBTK en pacientes con LLC tratados en primera línea y en recaída/refractariedad (R/R) con un iBTK en monoterapia en sus indicaciones en un hospital terciario. estudio observacional, retrospectivo y unicéntrico, que incluyó pacientes con LLC tratados con iBTK (2015–2024). Se registraron datos demográficos, líneas previas, ajustes y suspensiones de dosis, y eventos adversos (EA) por sistema y gravedad. Las proporciones se compararon con test exacto de Fisher. La continuidad del tratamiento se analizó mediante curvas de Kaplan–Meier, test de log-rank y regresión de Cox. se incluyeron 83 pacientes (50,6% varones) con edad media al diagnóstico de 67,2 años. Recibieron iBTK en primera línea 48 pacientes (58%) y 35 (42%) en R/R. El iBTK más empleado fue el ibrutinib (62,5% en primera línea y 88,6% en R/R). La mediana de seguimiento fue de 20,8 meses. El 28,9% requirió ajuste de dosis, sin diferencias entre ambos grupos ( p = 0,158). La discontinuación fue más frecuente en los pacientes en R/R (74,3% vs. 39,6%; RR = 1,81; IC 95%: 1,23-2,66; p = 0,002). Globalmente, los EA fueron el motivo más habitual de suspensión del tratamiento (15,7%). Se registraron 161 EA, siendo los infecciosos los más frecuentes. Las infecciones respiratorias fueron significativamente más incidentes en R/R ( p = 0,046). Los pacientes con exposición previa a inmunoquimioterapia tuvieron un aumento del riesgo de suspensión del tratamiento (HR = 2,15; IC 95%: 1,18–3,89; p = 0,012). los iBTK mostraron un perfil de seguridad manejable, con infecciones como toxicidad más frecuente y segundas neoplasias en tasas comparables a la literatura. La no interrupción del tratamiento fue mayor en primera línea, lo que indica la influencia del contexto clínico y de las terapias previas. Aun con las limitaciones de un diseño retrospectivo y unicéntrico, el estudio aporta información aplicable a la práctica diaria y resalta la importancia de un seguimiento estrecho para optimizar seguridad y continuidad del tratamiento.

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Cite This Study

Bello-Calvo et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69fed16ab9154b0b82878c2bhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.farma.2026.03.010
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