Abstract Background Pediatric cancer care in Nigeria is constrained by several patient- and system-related factors. In line with the World Health Organization’s Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer, this scoping review mapped the Nigerian literature on diagnostic delays, treatment access, clinical outcomes, and related system gaps. Methods We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, African Journals Online (AJOL), Taylor treatment discontinuation was 6.3% in one study and 64.7% in another; mortality was 6.3% in one study and 45.1% in another; and cohort-level loss to follow-up was 6.6% in one study and 52.6% in another, reaching 81.8% among patients discharged on follow-up chemotherapy in one cohort. Conclusion Pediatric oncology care in Nigeria is marked by prolonged diagnostic pathways, interrupted treatment, and poor reported outcomes. Priorities include standardized referral pathways and integration of childhood cancer into national health insurance. Graphical abstract
Bob-Ume et al. (2026) studied this question.