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Recommender systems are new types of Internet-based software tools, designed to help users find their way through today's complex on-line shops and entertainment Web sites. This paper describes a new recommender system, which employs a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to learn personal preferences of users and provide tailored suggestions. Experiments are carried out to observe the performance of the system and results are compared to those obtained from the genetic algorithm (GA) recommender system and a standard, non-adaptive system based on the Pearson algorithm.
Ujjin et al. (2004) studied this question.