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The water exchange process was accelerated for nine-coordinate, monohydrated macrocyclic GdIII complexes by inducing steric compression around the water binding site; the increased steric crowding was achieved by replacing an ethylene bridge of DOTA4- by a propylene bridge; in addition to the optimal water exchange rate, the stability of Gd(TRITA)(H2O)- is sufficiently high to ensure safe medical use which makes it a potential synthon for the development of high relaxivity, macromolecular MRI contrast agents.
Ruloff et al. (2002) studied this question.