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May 13, 2026The Journal of Physical Chemistry B1 citations

Reframing Triazoloacridinone C-1305 as a G-Quadruplex Pharmacophore

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JPJulia PakułaJBJulia Borzyszkowska-BukowskaMPMonika Pawłowska

Key Points

  • This research aims to reposition C-1305 as a G-quadruplex-targeting pharmacophore based on its binding characteristics and cytotoxicity.
  • Global analysis using H NMR and UV-Vis to determine binding affinity and complex formation.
  • Variable-temperature NMR to assess thermal stability upon binding to Pu22.
  • In cell assays to evaluate cytotoxicity across various cancer cell lines.
  • C-1305 binds to Pu22 with a submicromolar affinity (2:1 complex).
  • Demonstrated low-micromolar cytotoxicity in multiple cancer cell lines, significantly lower toxicity in normal cells.
  • Outperformed cisplatin in potency in cell assays.

Abstract

H NMR and UV-Vis global analysis─converge on a well-defined 2:1 Pu22:C-1305 complex with submicromolar affinity and a distinctive ligand-induced "destabilize-refold" NMR signature. Variable-temperature NMR reveals pronounced thermal stabilization of Pu22 upon binding. Intermolecular NOEs together with 3D well-tempered metadynamics map a recognition mode dominated by end-stacking on both terminal G-tetrads, with flanking segments forming secondary pockets and enabling alternative bound substates. In cell assays, C-1305 shows low-micromolar cytotoxicity across multiple cancer cell lines while being markedly less toxic to normal cells, outperforming cisplatin in potency. These results reposition C-1305 from a putative GGG intercalator to a G4-targeting pharmacophore and outline a route to side-chain engineering for improved G4 selectivity.

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Cite This Study

Pakuła et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a04153d79e20c90b4444fd3https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.6c01505
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