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Thin films consisting of nanorods of hematite (α-Fe2O3) with controlled orientation onto transparent conductive glass substrates have been tested as photoelectrochem. cells. These films allow a more efficient transport and collection of photogenerated electrons through a designed path compared to films constituted of sintered spherical particles. Expts. have been carried out taking into account the effect of morphol., orientation, film thickness, electrolyte compn., and dye sensitization. The results from a three-electrode system, with 0.1 M KI in water (pH 6.8) as electrolyte, illuminated either through the electrolyte/electrode interface or through the substrate (F:SnO2)/electrode interface, show an improvement of the IPCE (incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency) of 100 and 7 times, resp., compared to work done earlier on thin films with spherical particles. Increasing the pH in the electrolyte from 6.8 to 12.0 also increases the IPCE by a factor two. For a sandwich-type cell, with 0.5 M LiI and 0.5 mM I2 in ethylene carbonate/propylene carbonate (50:50% by wt.) electrolyte, the IPCE reaches 56% at 340 nm.
Beermann et al. (2000) studied this question.