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New heptamethine cyanine dyes with an alkylamino group at the central position were found to exhibit a large Stokes shift (>140 nm) and strong fluorescence. They were suggested to be a new paradigm for excited-state intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). The configuration change of the bridgehead amine accompanying ICT was investigated in different viscosity and pH media.
Peng et al. (2005) studied this question.