Review of carbon dioxide removal and recycling in space

Abstract Recycling carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) remains a challenge for long-duration crewed missions, as carbon is an essential element to produce vital resources. This article is a review of the state-of-the-art technologies for removing and recycling metabolically produced CO 2 in microgravity environments, including stations, habitats, vehicles, and suits. The study covers the breathable air requirements for astronauts, supply requirements for missions, carbon removal technologies, and synthetic and biological conversion routes from CO 2 to fuels, sugars, foods, pharmaceuticals, and materials.