The most important thing that distinguishes the situation in Iraq after 2003 is the process that the United States of America laid its foundations to be able, through what it called political consensus, to impose its conditions on the decisions that will control the future of Iraq. It created a flabby political process that is far from the principles of true democracy that do not depend on On political consensus, the minority opinion follows the majority opinion, even if the majority opinion harms the interests of the country. One of its results was the failure to reach the stage of democratic awareness and the idea of a comprehensive national culture. Indeed, most of the ideas of political entities are still simple and narrow ideas that exist to serve the interests of either a specific sect, nationality, or religion, and the comprehensive political culture is absent due to the division that began since the formation of the state. . The government in 2004, in addition to the internal factors associated with the weak cultural level and lack of political experience of the Iraqi citizen, as this situation emerged through partisan and official discourse by focusing on narrow affiliations and loyalties, and not talking about patriotism and national belonging except in electoral advertisements and government media. .
Ahmed et al. (2024) studied this question.