Integrating Hydroxyapatite-Based Material Innovation Into Digital Heritage Systems: A Data-Driven Framework for Sustainable Heritage Conservation

Abstract Cultural heritage conservation is increasingly affected by environmental degradation, climate change, and intensified human pressures, which accelerate the decay of historic materials and call for more resilient and adaptive conservation approaches. In this context, growing attention is being given to the combined use of sustainable materials and digital technologies. This paper explores an integrative framework that brings together materials science for heritage conservation, particularly hydroxyapatite-based materials, and digital documentation strategies. The approach builds on a synthesis of experimental and applied studies dealing with the physicochemical behavior, compatibility, and durability of hydroxyapatite-modified systems. Particular attention is given to the types of data generated through such investigations, including microstructural features, moisture-related behavior, and environmental exposure conditions. The study discusses how these data can be organized and incorporated into digital environments such as HBIM and Digital Twin platforms, where they can support monitoring and interpretation over time. The findings suggest that linking material-related data with digital models can improve the understanding of material performance and contribute to more informed conservation decisions. By outlining a conceptual pathway for data integration, the paper offers a starting point for further research aimed at connecting material innovation with digitally supported heritage conservation practices.