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BACKGROUND: Adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Malaysia continue to have substantial comorbidities and struggle to achieve glycemic targets. AIM: To comprehensively evaluate diabetes self-care and glycemic control using multiple self-reporting questionnaires. METHODS: Adults diagnosed with T2DM attending the Seremban Health Clinic were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Eligible participants were recruited based on a consecutive sampling technique, first-come-first-served-basis if they fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In addition to the usual sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory data, the participants answered seven specific self-reporting questionnaires. This report was focused on six key variables: Glycemic control; self-care; self-efficacy; diabetes knowledge; health literacy; and medication adherence. RESULTS: < 0.001). CONCLUSION: We found substantial suboptimal glycemic control and low self-care practices but acceptable levels of diabetes knowledge, self-efficacy, health literacy and medication adherence among the patients with T2DM. In spite of the correlations between self-care, self-efficacy, and medication adherence, it was surprising that self-care did not correlate with glycemic control. Prospective cohort studies are needed to explore whether these factors influence diabetes outcomes.
amirthalingam et al. (2025) studied this question.