Introduction: Contemporary neuro-oncology considers meningioma development to result from a complex interplay between genetic predisposition, endocrine status, and metabolic background. Such an integrated approach is essential for the development of early diagnostic strategies, identification of high-risk populations, and implementation of personalized therapeutic principles in neurosurgical practice. The aim of this review was to systematize the most recent literature data concerning the integrated analysis of factors contributing to meningioma development. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, focusing on peer-reviewed studies published between 2016 and 2025.The following keywords were used: meningioma, NF2, TERT, genetic studies, chromosomal abnormalities. Conclusions: A review of the current scientific literature indicates that meningioma development is driven by the complex interaction of genetic, hormonal, metabolic, and exogenous factors. Key molecular drivers include mutations in NF2, TRAF7, KLF4, SMO, and TERT, as well as epigenetic alterations. Hormonal status and metabolic disturbances, particularly obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, appear to modulate tumor growth dynamics and recurrence risk. Ionizing radiation represents a major exogenous trigger of tumorigenesis. Further interdisciplinary research is required to improve understanding of meningioma pathogenesis and to facilitate the implementation of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Levchenko et al. (2026) studied this question.