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October 1, 1939The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America270 citations

Remaking Speech

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HDHomer Dudley

Key Points

  • To determine whether intelligible synthetic speech can be automatically reconstructed by separating acoustic input into pitch and spectral control signals applied to tone and noise generators.
  • Generated artificial speech using a buzzer-like tone for vocal cord simulation and a hiss-like noise for breath simulation.
  • Extracted pitch and spectral parameters from human speech, transmitting them as low-frequency control currents of approximately 10 cycles per second to reconstruct acoustic output spanning 100 to 3000 cycles per second.
  • Low-frequency control signals (around 10 Hz) successfully reconstructed speech across a 100 to 3000 Hz range with sufficient fidelity for good intelligibility.
  • Acoustic spectrum control was shown to provide the primary basis for speech intelligibility, whereas pitch manipulation controlled vocal emotion and inflection.

Abstract

Speech has been remade automatically from a buzzer-like tone and a hiss-like noise corresponding to the cord-tone and the breath-tone of normal speech. Control of pitch and spectrum obtained from a talker's speech are applied to make the synthetic speech copy the original speech sufficiently for good intelligibility although the currents used in such controls contain only low syllabic frequencies of the order of 10 cycles per second as contrasted with frequencies of 100 to 3000 cycles in the remade speech. The isolation of these speech-defining signals of pitch and spectrum makes it possible to reconstruct the speech to a wide variety of specifications. Striking demonstrations upon altering the pitch of the remade speech stress the contribution of the pitch to the emotional content of speech. Similarly the spectrum is shown to contribute most of the intelligibility to the speech.

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Cite This Study

Homer Dudley (1939) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a08fd7214243797f79d0982https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1916020
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