The existing literature has extensively explored the impact of climate change on agricultural production and food security. However, there is a lack of empirical research on climate change effects on total factor productivity (TFP), cereal yields, and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study addresses this gap by examining the relationship between climate change and agricultural productivity variables, focusing on food security and per capita consumption, using the Ghana Living Standards Survey Round 7 (GLSS 7, 2017) data collected from 9452 agricultural households. Results from the IV–2SLS (two-stage) regression analysis indicated that a 1 kg ha−1 increase in crop yield reduces household food insecurity by 0.85% (p < 0.01), while a one-unit TFP index improvement raises per capita consumption by 1.8% (p < 0.05), reducing seasonal hunger by 17%. The IV-2SLS with validated instruments addresses endogeneity, advancing beyond correlational studies and providing robust evidence on climate change’s impact on agricultural productivity and food security. This study underscores the critical role of sustainable agriculture in food security and household welfare and calls for a reassessment of climate-smart agriculture to mitigate the adverse impacts of climate change on food production. These findings provide important insights for policymakers aiming to strengthen food security in emerging economies.
Salifu et al. (2026) studied this question.