A Hybrid FT-TRF Approach for Diabetes-related Compound Identification

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by longterm hyperglycaemia. Prolonged illness may lead to serious complications in vital organs, including the kidneys, nerves, and cardiovascular system. Therefore, early prevention of diabetes is of paramount importance. Methods: In this study, we propose a novel integrated learning method (FT-TRF) that combines the capabilities of FT-Transformer and stochastic Senri for efficiently identifying potential antidiabetic compounds. The proposed method combines the global feature interaction capabilities of FT-Transformer with the local feature dependency modeling of Random Forest (RF). It incorporates feature engineering and selection to identify important features, enhancing the data representation capability of the FT-Transformer model. The predictive probabilities from both models are integrated through a dynamic linear weighting mechanism, enhancing the model's generalization ability. Results: We validated the proposed model through experiments using the most recent diabetesrelated compounds dataset. The results demonstrate that our hybrid model outperforms traditional classifiers across multiple metrics, including the Area Under the Curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, Kappa coefficient, Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), F1 Score, Precision- Recall (PR) curve, and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. In addition, our model correctly screened compounds related to diabetes on other datasets. Discussion: Our method outperforms others in identifying diabetes-related compounds, showing a robust F1 Score and AUC. To enhance the statistical rigor of these findings, future studies will apply multiple-comparison corrections, such as Bonferroni or false discovery rate control. Conclusion: The findings are summarized primarily through AUC and F1 Score, which serve as comprehensive comparison measures. These results confirm the superior performance of our integrated method for identifying diabetes-related compounds.