Uncoating of major group rhinovirus HRV14 results in lysis of the endosomal membrane and release of subviral 135S and 80S particles into the cytoplasm, differing from minor group viruses.
Major group human rhinoviruses (HRV14) penetrate cells by lysing the endosomal membrane, a different mechanism from minor group rhinoviruses.
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and the low-density lipoprotein receptor are used for cell entry by major and minor receptor group human rhinoviruses (HRVs), respectively. Whereas minor-group viruses, exemplified by HRV2, transfer their genomic RNA to the cytoplasm through a pore in the endosomal membrane (E. Prchla, C. Plank, E. Wagner, D. Blaas, and R. Fuchs, J. Cell Biol. 131:111-123, 1995), the mechanism of in vivo uncoating of major-group HRVs has not been elucidated so far. Using free-flow electrophoresis, we performed a comparative analysis of cell entry by HRV2 and the major group rhinovirus HRV14. Here we demonstrate that this technique allows the separation of free viral particles from those associated with early endosomes, late endosomes, and plasma membranes. Upon free-flow electrophoretic separation of microsomes, HRV14 was recovered from endosomes under conditions which prevent uncoating, whereas the proportion of free viral particles increased with time under conditions which promote uncoating. The remaining virus eluted within numerous fractions corresponding to membraneous material, with no clear endosomal peaks being discernible. This suggests that uncoating of HRV14 results in lysis of the endosomal membrane and release of subviral 135S and 80S particles into the cytoplasm.
Schober et al. (1998) studied Human rhinovirus infection. HRV14 (major group rhinovirus) vs. HRV2 (minor group rhinovirus) was evaluated on Mechanism of in vivo uncoating. Uncoating of major group rhinovirus HRV14 results in lysis of the endosomal membrane and release of subviral 135S and 80S particles into the cytoplasm, differing from minor group viruses.