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May 19, 20260 citationsOpen Access

VDR and Diffusion: Zero-Drift Denoising Through Exact Sequential Arithmetic

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GHGeoffrey Howland

Key Points

  • The aim is to eliminate drift accumulation in diffusion processes through exact integer arithmetic.
  • Implemented the diffusion model using VDR exact integer arithmetic for denoising operations, ensuring every intermediate value is rational.
  • Conducted 37 tests to validate the implementation's performance and error rates in denoising chains.
  • Focused on noise schedule computation, forward diffusion, reverse denoising, and deterministic sampling.
  • Achieved zero drift accumulation, with errors remaining constant across cycles, validated at below 10⁻⁵⁰ at depth 10.
  • Out of 37 tests, 33 passed successfully, while 4 failures were linked to normalization issues rather than arithmetic errors.

Abstract

Diffusion models generate images and video by iterating a denoising chain — each step takes the previous step's output, scales by schedule coefficients, subtracts predicted noise, normalizes, and feeds the result forward. In float64 arithmetic, each step introduces approximately 10⁻¹⁶ rounding error. Over 50 steps for image generation, this compounds to approximately 10⁻¹⁴. Over hundreds or thousands of steps for video generation, where frames condition on prior frames through the same arithmetic chain, the error produces measurable artifacts: color drift, temporal flickering, and structural inconsistency between frames. This paper implements the complete diffusion process — noise schedule computation, forward diffusion, reverse denoising, DDIM deterministic sampling, and multi-cycle drift measurement — in VDR exact integer arithmetic VDR-1. Every intermediate value is an exact rational number. Every operation preserves that exactness. The result: zero drift accumulation across arbitrarily long denoising chains. The error at cycle N equals the error at cycle 1, which is the Newton square root residual at the chosen depth (below 10⁻⁵⁰ at depth 10), not a compounding float truncation. Validated: 37 tests, 33 passed, 4 failed. All 4 failures trace to a normalization presentation issue — Newton iteration for perfect squares produces correct values that do not reduce to simplest form. Zero arithmetic errors. Zero drift. Zero computation failures. No prior reading is required. All necessary concepts from VDR arithmetic are introduced where first used.

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Cite This Study

Geoffrey Howland (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a0bfde8166b51b53d379285https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20260247
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