Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
Data were collected and analyzed with support from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, the Ford Foundation, the Social Science Research Council, Brown University, and Kwansei Gakuin University. We alone are responsible for the conclusions drawn. Help received from individuals in both Japan and the United States has been acknowledged in an earlier publication (Marsh and Mannari, 1976).
Marsh et al. (1977) studied this question.