To address the insufficient frequency-support capability, the difficulty of multi-terminal power coordination, and the constraints on DC-voltage fluctuations in flexible DC transmission systems under weak-grid interconnection, this paper conducts a simulation-based control strategy study. First, based on the coupling relationship between AC frequency and DC voltage, an inertia-enhanced grid-forming/VSG control method is proposed, enabling converter stations to use DC-link capacitor energy to provide transient frequency support during the initial stage of a disturbance. Second, for multi-terminal flexible DC systems, an adaptive U-P-f dual-droop distributed control strategy is designed to coordinate unbalanced power sharing among multiple converter stations and to limit the DC-voltage deviation generated during frequency support. In this paper, a hybrid half-bridge/full-bridge MMC is adopted as a fixed-converter simulation platform, rather than being treated as an object of systematic topology optimization. Finally, a four-terminal MMC-HVDC simulation model is established in MATLAB/Simulink, and the proposed control strategy is evaluated under weak-grid step-load disturbances, different short-circuit-ratio conditions, and continuous pseudo-random load disturbance scenarios. Simulation results show that, under the tested operating conditions, the proposed method can reduce the maximum frequency deviation, suppress DC-voltage fluctuations, and improve the power-sharing process among multi-terminal converter stations compared with conventional VSG control and fixed-droop control.
Fu et al. (2026) studied this question.