Study of the Performance Characteristics of Basalt Fiber Concrete

In this research work, the physical, mechanical, and operational properties of fine-grained basalt fiber concrete were studied. During the study, the influence of basalt fibers on the concrete composition was analyzed, specifically regarding strength, water resistance, and frost resistance indicators. According to the test results, it was found that basalt fibers are evenly distributed in the concrete matrix, reducing the formation of micro-cracks, increasing the density of the concrete, and forming closed pores. It was noted that the samples with the optimized composition withstand a water pressure of 1.6 MPa and comply with the W16 waterproofing grade. It was also established that basalt fibers increase the frost resistance of concrete and reduce internal stresses arising during freeze-thaw cycles. The research results show that basalt fiber concrete is a promising material for hydraulic structures, transport construction, and structures operating in aggressive environments. Fine-grained basalt fiber concrete is distinguished by possessing essential operational properties such as high strength, frost resistance, and water resistance. The main reason for this is the uniform distribution of basalt fibers across the concrete matrix. The fibers perform the function of micro-reinforcement within the cement stone, reducing the accumulation of internal stresses at a single point and preventing the formation of micro-cracks. As a result, the compressive and bending strength of the concrete increases. Furthermore, the use of basalt fibers contributes to an increase in the number of closed pores within the concrete composition. These closed pores reduce the internal pressure generated during freezing and thawing processes in cold climates. Consequently, the frost resistance of the concrete increases significantly, ensuring its long-term service without deformation. Furthermore, the dense structure of the concrete limits water penetration through capillary pathways, which improves the waterproofing properties of the material. Basalt fiber concrete is also characterized by high wear resistance. The fibers increase the resistance of the concrete surface to abrasive effects, allowing for their effective use in road surfaces, industrial floors, and hydraulic structures. Furthermore, basalt fiber possesses high resistance to chemically active environments and corrosion, protecting concrete structures from the effects of aggressive environments. Thanks to these aspects, basalt fiber concrete is resistant to mechanical loads, climate change, and chemical influences, significantly extending the service life of structures.