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Prior to third-generation computers, few systems programmers had tried to implement full-function operating systems for small-storage computers. True, most installations had many of the functional requirements that justified operating systems, but storage limitations made it impractical to meet these needs on an integrated basis. At present, however, two forces are clearly at work to change the trend. First, the new computers bring with them a degree of device modularity and flexibility that intensifies the need for integrated operating systems, and second, these same computers possess a degree of efficiency that makes operating systems practical for smaller main-storage areas.
Bender et al. (1967) studied this question.