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Problems that must be solved by any scheme for multiprogramming include: (1) dynamic allocation of information to a hierarchy of memory devices, (2) means for programs to reference procedures and data in a manner that is independent of their location in physical memory, (3) provision for the use of common procedure and data information by many programs, (4) protection of system resources from unauthorized access, and (5) rapid switching of computation resources from one program to another.
Jack B. Dennis (1965) studied this question.