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Identities refer to self-conceptions in terms of individuals' roles. The salience or importance of various identities should differ systematically by gender and marital status; highly salient identities should have greater impacts on psychological symptoms than less salient identities; and identities that are more salient to particular gender-by-marital status subgroups should benefit those subgroups more than other subgroups. Data come from structured interviews with a stratified random sample of 700 married and divorced urban adults. Contrary to expectations, the identity hierarchies of married and divorced men and women were remarkably similar
Peggy A. Thoits (1992) studied this question.