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Abstract Optical microscopy faces challenges in resolution and depth due to light scattering in biological tissues. Conventional transmission-mode light scattering microscopy is typically constrained by a single-pass wavefront correction, incapable of simultaneously addressing distortions in both illumination and detection paths. This limitation restricts its practical applications in routine reflection-mode imaging. To overcome this issue, we propose a guide star-free reflectance-feedback wavefront shaping method for reflection-mode light scattering microscopy, which allows the wavefront shaping of light passing through the scattering medium (SM) twice. The proposed wavefront shaping method is incorporated with the pixel reassignment (PR) technique, which can further compress the point spread function of the system to enhance the imaging spatial resolution. Experimental validation with microbeads in SM demonstrates that the proposed method can achieve a 1.35-fold resolution enhancement via PR and a 1.76-fold improvement with subsequent deconvolution in contrast with the original scattering correction result. By eliminating the reliance on transmission-mode configuration, our approach provides a more practical implementation and broad compatibility with the existing reflection-mode microscopy, offering a transformative potential for biomedical applications in thick tissue imaging and clinical diagnostics.
Peng et al. (2026) studied this question.