Values are not an appendage to economics and politics; they are generalized notions people have of the goals and norms of their behavior. These notions in turn embody historical experience and express in concentrated form the meaning of the culture of a particular ethnic group and of all humanity. Values are benchmarks that exist in the consciousness of each individual, helping individuals and social groups to coordinate their actions. Specific types of behavior, including Russians' sociocultural attitudes toward the political and economic transformation of our country, are formed on the basis of these benchmarks.
Николай Иванович Лапин (1997) studied this question.