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One degree latitude by one degree longitude (1° × 1°) data sets of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement manufacture were produced for 1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, and 1990. National estimates of carbon emissions were combined with 1° × 1° data sets of political units and human population density to create the new 1° × 1° carbon emissions data sets. The human population density data set has an effective resolution of the country/state level. This resolution translates to the 1° × 1° carbon emissions data set. Latitudinal distribution of emissions have also been calculated. The data show continual growth with time over most of the world, with increased growth rates in major urban areas. A slow southerly shift in the bulk of the emissions is apparent as Asian countries increase their energy consumption to support their growing economies and populations. The digital data sets are available by anonymous ftp.
Andres et al. (1996) studied this question.