The impact of L2 learners’ use of AI on their grit, shyness, and L2 achievements

Abstract This study looked at the long-term impact of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) on the grit, shyness, and overall language achievements of L2 English learners at different levels of proficiency. A total of 122 Korean university students participated in the study. The three research instruments consisted of L2 grit and shyness scales, the Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC), and focus group interviews. The results indicated that the learners increased their L2 grit levels and TOEIC scores and decreased their shyness levels because of the rise in AI use. Of the proficiency groups, the intermediate level group’s increases/decreases were the greatest. Further, these changes were significant. Based on the findings of the study, implications are suggested.