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Abstract A theoretical model is presented for developing environmental conceptions that incorporate environmental knowledge, attitudes/values, and behavioral orientations. Developing conceptions in environmental education involves the use of a range of strategies designed to integrate an individual's environmental knowledge, attitudes/values, and behavior. The proposed approach broadens teaching in the area that traditionally has had an attitudes/values focus. The application of constructivist principles of learning provides a basis for encouraging students to become aware of, challenge inconsistencies in, and make an informed decision regarding their commitment to their own or alternative environmental conceptions. Examples are provided of strategies that may be adapted for use within this model.
Ballantyne et al. (1996) studied this question.