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The ultraviolet (UV) and visible spectra of intense chromophores have been frequently utilized as indicators of the nature of the solvent environment. Such chromophores are usually highly sensitive to the polarity of the environment, a fact which is observable by the variation in wavelength of maximal light absorption (λmax) with solvent. In favorable instances the polarity of the solvent, as reflected in λmax, can be quantitatively correlated with the effectiveness of that particular solvent environment to mediate a chemical reaction, and quantitative relationships have been derived between the polarity of the solvent and the specific rate constant (Kosower, 1962).
Bernhard et al. (1972) studied this question.