Abstract The combustion characteristics, performance, and exhaust emission of the waste chicken fat, waste cooking oil, and combined blends with diesel oil are analyzed for different compression ratios of 17 and 18. The tested fuels include CF15 (15% chicken fat + 85% diesel), WC15 (15% waste cooking oil + 85% diesel), and WC&CF15 (7.5% chicken fat + 7.5% waste cooking oil + 85% diesel), each blended with 50 ppm α-Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles. The function of catalyst nanoparticles is to improve the combustion temperature, which reduces exhaust emissions. The results show that the compression ratio (CR) of 17 at 100% loading, diesel, CF15, WC15, and CF&WC15 have brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of 26.74%, 26.73%, 26.98%, and 25.47%, respectively, with the utilization of approximately similar brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of 0.32 kg/kWh. However, for CR = 18 at full loading, the BTE of diesel and all blends are 29.33%, 27.79%, 26.04%, and 26.67%, respectively, with lower utilization of the BSFC. The novelty of the present experiment is to evaluate engine performance and emissions at a rated speed of 1500 rpm for two compression ratios, addressing a gap in studies combining multiple biodiesel sources with catalytic enhancement. Therefore, at full load for CR = 17, developing a similar BTE of diesel, the NO x emission of CF&WC15 reduces by 3.1% compared to diesel. Therefore, CF&WC15 blend exhibited improved BTE at a compression ratio of 18, primarily from BSFC reduction, while producing slightly higher NO x emissions.
Alam et al. (2026) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: