Coleopterans in Autram Ghat Sanctuary: Diversity, ecology, and conservation implications

Abstract Coleopterans (beetles) represent one of the most diverse and ecologically significant groups of insects, playing crucial roles in ecosystem functioning and serving as reliable indicators of environmental health. The present study investigates the diversity, distribution, ecological associations, and conservation implications of coleopteran fauna in Autram Ghat Sanctuary, India. Field surveys were conducted over a multi-year period (2019–2023) using standardized sampling techniques, including light trapping, sweep netting, and pitfall trapping, to capture both nocturnal and diurnal species across varied habitats. The study recorded a rich assemblage of beetle species belonging to multiple families, with notable dominance of Carabidae and other ecologically important groups. Species richness and population dynamics exhibited strong seasonal patterns, largely influenced by climatic variables such as temperature and rainfall. The findings also highlight the impact of habitat heterogeneity, invasive plant species like Lantana camara, and anthropogenic pressures including pesticide use and land-use change on coleopteran communities. Despite their ecological importance, the conservation status of most recorded species remains inadequately documented. The study emphasizes the need for long-term monitoring, habitat conservation, and integrative biodiversity management strategies. Overall, this research provides a baseline for future ecological assessments and contributes to the understanding of insect biodiversity in tropical forest ecosystems.