This chapter demonstrates the application of GIS in tracing and predicting the spatial variation of AMD pollutants on the environment. Apart from the embedded ability of mathematical modelling discussed in the previous chapter there is also the power of geospatial technologies in providing location-based analysis, complemented with visualization capabilities, which help reveal the effect of contaminants on surface runoff pathways and surface and underground water quality and quantify the magnitude and severity of damage on soil and vegetation. The array of tools available thus enables analysis of both short-term and long-term action with limited investment cost.
Human Sciences Research Council (2026) studied this question.