Numerical, mathematical and analytical skills are key for participation as citizens in a modern society and as workers in the new knowledge economy. Foundational reading and numerical skills are critical for any future learning and knowledge and skill acquisition in these domains cannot be leap-frogged. Mathematics achievement is a signal of the ability of learners to participate in society as engaged citizens, to continue studying mathematics, science and other technical subjects, as well as an important indicator of the competencies available for the workplace.
Human Sciences Research Council (2026) studied this question.