Version 5.7 (22 May 2026) Key Updates: Updated all feedstock terminology from “Earth-sourced” to “synthetically produced / engineered CO₂ clathrate hydrate” to clearly reflect the industrial CO₂ sequestration and abatement nature of the feedstock. Made the overall system fully launcher-agnostic by removing references to any specific launch provider or site. Added Appendix 7: Due Diligence on strategic partners and potential customers (AstroForge assessment). Core Concept OORU ZBO™ enables on-orbit production of methalox propellant by processing synthetically produced CO₂ clathrate hydrate feedstock in generic LEO depots. The system significantly reduces required Earth launches while providing self-bootstrapping power, near-zero boil-off storage, and carbon credit generation.
Phillip Ronald Hinds (2026) studied this question.