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Synapse
May 27, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Afferent modulation of corticospinal excitability - a meta-analysis

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NHNicholas P. HolmesOSOrsolya SzékelyKDKatherine Dyke

Key Points

  • This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the impact of peripheral stimulation on corticospinal excitability using various latency measures.
  • Systematic review of 353 papers covering the years 1991 to 2026.
  • Analysis of effects related to short, medium, and long latency, including both inhibition and facilitation.
  • Evaluation of corticospinal excitability through transcranial magnetic stimulation and motor-evoked potentials.
  • Peripheral stimulation significantly modulates corticospinal excitability across all latencies.
  • Short-latency afferent inhibition shows a robust effect on facilitating corticospinal output with an early response.
  • Inhibition and facilitation responses are observed varying by latency type, indicating complex modulation.

Abstract

A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of peripheral stimulation on corticospinal excitability, as measured with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and motor-evoked potentials (MEPs). This protocol is often called: "Short-latency afferent inhibition" (SAI) or similar. This meta-analysis includes all effects, regardless of latency - short (e.g., 80ms) - and both inhibition and facilitation. Dataset covers 1991-2026, 353 papers, 743 groups, 11183 participants.

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Cite This Study

Holmes et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a168ab40c924ddd1bd596eahttps://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/39axj
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1State-Dependent Temporal Dynamics of Short-Latency Afferent Inhibition Across Current Direction and Pulse Duration Using Controllable Pulse-Parameter TMS2026
  2. 2Short-latency afferent inhibition on cortical motor representation in healthy humans2025
  3. 3Inhibitory Effect of Subthreshold TMS on the Long-Latency Response in the Flexor Carpi Radialis2024
  4. 4How to Measure the Neuromodulatory Effect of Sensory Afferent Electrostimulation Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation2025
  5. 5The effects of verbal and spatial working memory on short- and long-latency sensorimotor circuits in the motor cortex2024 · 1 citations