Pain with physiological or psychological distress remains unexpressed because of emotional barriers, cognitive stigma and sensory strain. Due to an insufficient psychosocial or supportive care resources, people find it difficult to express their pain experiences in words, resulting in miscommunication and mental turmoil (Scarry, 1985). Existing models of pain articulation therapies rely more on verbal and narrative modes of expression than on innovative non-verbal approaches. This study presents a Structured And Embodied Framework (SAEF) for pain communication and externalization grounded in Embodied Cognition Theory, Interoception Theory, and Cognitive Behavioral Theory. The framework externalizes and communicates pain through a structured theatrical model involving character embodiment, gesture-based expression, emotional improvisation, and metaphorical performances for pain expression and emotional regulation, without disclosing the cause. • The theatre-based conceptual framework helps to communicate and express pain in teens and adults, moving them from the patient to participant phase. • The framework is an interdisciplinary exploratory tool that combines clinical psychology and applied theatre practice. • This framework is useful for therapists, theatre practitioners, clinicians, caregivers, and people in art-based avenues for emotional regulation and pain externalization in counselling sessions and community well-being programmes.
M et al. (2026) studied this question.