Blockade of MIF biological activity ameliorates house dust mite‐induced allergic airway inflammation in humanized MIF mice

Abstract Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) expression is controlled by a functional promoter polymorphism, where the number of tetranucleotide repeats (CATT n ) corresponds to the level of MIF expression. To examine the role of this polymorphism in a pre‐clinical model of allergic asthma, novel humanized MIF mice with increasing CATT repeats (CATT 5 and CATT 7 ) were used to generate a physiologically relevant scale of airway inflammation following house dust mite (HDM) challenge. CATT 7 mice expressing high levels of human MIF developed an aggressive asthma phenotype following HDM challenge with significantly elevated levels of immune cell infiltration, production of inflammatory mediators, goblet cell hyperplasia, subepithelial collagen deposition, and airway resistance compared to wild‐type controls. Importantly the potent MIF inhibitor SCD‐19 significantly mitigated the pathophysiology observed in CATT 7 mice after HDM challenge, demonstrating the fundamental role of endogenous human MIF expression in the severity of airway inflammation in vivo. Up to now, there are limited reproducible in vivo models of asthma airway remodeling. Current asthma medications are focused on reducing the acute inflammatory response but have limited effects on airway remodeling. Here, we present a reproducible pre‐clinical model that capitulates asthma airway remodeling and suggests that in addition to having pro‐inflammatory effects MIF may play a role in driving airway remodeling.